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82.
The past dozen years have produced a new paradigm with regard to the source regions of comets in the early solar system. It
is now widely recognized that the likely source of the Jupiter-family short-period comets (those with Tisserand parameters,
T > 2 and periods, P, generally < 20 years) is the Kuiper belt in the ecliptic plane beyond Neptune. In contrast, the source
of the Halley-type and long-period comets (those with T < 2 and P > 20 years) appears to be the Oort cloud. However, the comets
in the Oort cloud almost certainly originated elsewhere, since accretion is very inefficient at such large heliocentric distances.
New dynamical studies now suggest that the source of the Oort cloud comets is the entire giant planets region from Jupiter
to Neptune, rather than primarily the Uranus-Neptune region, as previously thought. Some fraction of the Oort cloud population
may even be asteroidal bodies formed inside the orbit of Jupiter. These comets and asteroids underwent a complex dynamical
random walk among the giant planets before they were ejected to distant orbits in the Oort cloud, with possible interesting
consequences for their thermal and collisional histories. Observational evidence for diversity in cometary compositions is
limited, at best.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
83.
π-TFSK时频调制信号状态迁移的分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
本文主要对π-TFSK时频调制信号的状态迁移进行分析。首先,从数学模型出发,对π-TFSK时频调制信号的状态进行分析;然后,推出了该信号的状态迁移图;最后求出了π-TFSK时频调制信号的状态迁移矩阵。 相似文献
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86.
可靠的在线刀具磨损状态检测是柔性制造系统、计算机集成制造系统以及自动化机床必不可少的一个环节。文中论述了用反传神经网络与一类模糊神经网络分析处理由力传感器和声发射传感器所测得的刀具状态信号,识别出刀具的磨损情况,从而进一步实现刀具磨损状态的在线检测,控制自动机床及时更换刀具。本研究对四种规格的钻头的磨损情况进行了全程检测,并比较分析了反传神经网络与模糊神经网络对这一问题的有效性。实验结果表明,这两种方法对处理刀具磨损状态检测均有显著的效果与很高的准确性。用一类模糊神经网络处理多传感器信息是实现刀具状态在线检测的一个极为有效的方法。 相似文献
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Since health monitoring of shield tunnels generally employs multiple sensors belonging to different types,a fine analysis on massive monitoring data,as well as further quantitative health grading,is really challenging.An optimized fuzzy clustering analysis method based on the fuzzy equivalence relation is proposed for health monitoring of shield tunnels.Clustering results are auto-generated by using fuzzy similarity-valued map.The results follow the idea of unsupervised classification.Moreover,a convenient new health index HI is proposed for a fast tunnel-health grading.A case study on Nanjing Yangtze River Tunnel is presented to validate this method.Three types of indicators,namely soil pressure,pore water pressure and steel strain,are used to develop the clustering model.The clustering results are verified by analyzing the engineering geological conditions;the validity and the efficacy of the proposed method are also demonstrated.Further,the fuzzy clustering analysis also represents a potential for identifying abnormal monitoring data.This investigation indicates the fuzzy clustering analysis method is capable of characterizing the fuzziness of tunnel health,and beneficial to clarify the tunnel health evaluation uncertainties. 相似文献
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Wei Wang Bin Zhao Qi Wang Shaomin Yang 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2012
The Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) is one of the major scientific infrastructures, mainly using Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements, to monitor crustal deformation in the Chinese mainland. In this paper, decade-long coordinate time series of 26 continuous GPS sites of CMONOC are analyzed for their noise content using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). We study the noise properties of continuous GPS time series of CMONOC for the unfiltered, filtered solutions and also the common mode signals in terms of power law plus white noise model. In the spatial filtering, we remove for every time series a common mode error that was estimated from a modified stacking of position residuals from other sites within ∼1000 km of the selected site. We find that the common mode signal in our network has a combination of spatially correlated flicker noise and a common white noise with large spatial extent. We demonstrate that for the unfiltered solutions of CMONOC continuous GPS sites the main colored noise is a flicker process, with a mean spectral index of ∼1. For the filtered solutions, the main colored noise is a general power law process, indicating that a major number of the filtered regional solutions have a combination of noise sources or local effects. The velocity uncertainties from CMONOC continuous GPS coordinate time series may be underestimated by factors of 8–16 if a pure white noise model is assumed. In addition, using a white plus flicker noise model, the median values of velocity errors for the unfiltered solutions are 0.16 (north), 0.17 (east) and 0.58 (vertical) mm/yr, and the median values for the filtered solutions are 0.09 (north), 0.10 (east) and 0.40 (vertical) mm/yr. 相似文献